Introduction climate over any particular area has not abstract or abrupt origin. Particularly strong seasonal pressure variations occur over continents, as shown in the january and july maps of sealevel atmospheric pressure. What are the characteristics of the monsoon climate. Nov 17, 2016 a monsoon often brings about thoughts of torrential rains, similar to a hurricane or typhoon. About a quarter of the globe experiences a monsoon climate. The indian monsoon may hence be viewed as part of a vast monsoon climate system. Prevailing wind direction shifts by at least 1201 between january and july.
Because of its impacts on nearly onethird of the worlds population and on the global climate system including effects on the climate change, the study of the east asian monsoon has received increased attention both in east asian countries and in the united states. It was first applied to the winds over the arabian sea, which blow for six months from northeast and for six months from southwest, but it has been extended to similar winds in other parts of the world. Across the indian subcontinent and southeast asia, the summer and winter monsoons dominate the regions climate. Therefore correct prediction of the variability of the monsoon may greatly benefit those people in this region. The strongest monsoon, the asian summer monsoon, affects about half of the worlds population. Now, thats a good thing when the monsoon arrives on time and brings the right amount of rain. The north american monsoon climate prediction center.
An area of tropical monsoon climate occasionally known as a tropical wet climate or a tropical monsoon and tradewind littoral climate is a type of climate that corresponds to the koppen climate classification category am. This climate has a driest month which nearly always occurs at or soon after the winter solstice for that side of the equator with rainfall less than 60 mm, but more than. Jul 11, 2017 60% of the worlds population live in a monsoonal climate, with welldefined dry and wet seasons. Their onset is sometimes very early and sometimes very late.
Jul 08, 2016 a monsoon is a seasonal change in wind and rain patterns observed in certain parts of the world. The northern edge of the monsoon extends into arizona and new mexico and coincides with the development of a monsoon high at the jet stream level roughly 10 km. Monsoon rain helps recharge dams and reservoirs, which is further used for the generation of hydroelectric power. A monsoon is a seasonal change in the direction of the prevailing, or strongest, winds of a region. Such seasonal fluctuations, commonly called monsoons, are more pronounced over land surfaces because these surfaces are subject to more significant seasonal temperature variations than are water bodies. The largest monsoon regions are in south asia and west africa, but monsoons also. A definition for the gm is introduced that incorporates. Causes, history and effects the asian monsoon is one of the most dramatic climatic phenomena on earth today, with far reaching environmental and societal effects. Characteristics of tropical monsoon climatetemperature. Monsoon climate synonyms, monsoon climate pronunciation, monsoon climate translation, english dictionary definition of monsoon climate. The monsoon rains are the main source of water for 55 percent of the countrys arable land.
The word monsoon has been derived from an arabic word mausim which means season. April through midnovember is the dry season, while december through march is the monsoon. Monsoon is traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding. Jan 09, 2016 unlike equatorial wet climate, monsoon climate is characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons associated with seasonal reversal of winds. Monsoon climate a climate endemic to regions of the earth in which atmospheric circulation has a monsoon character. We introduce a definition for the global monsoon that incorporates its threedimensional distribution and ultimate causes, emphasizing the direct drive of seasonal pressure system changes on monsoon circulation and depicting the intensity in terms. Notes, exercises, videos, tests and things to remember on temperate monsoon climate china type please scroll down to get to the study materials. Tropical monsoon climates have monthly mean temperatures above 18 c 64 f in every month of the year and a dry.
Subrahmanyam 1982 noted a steady meridional propaga tion of a train of troughs and ridges that form near the equator and. It denotes a season in which the winds are completely reversed. A monsoon is a seasonal change in wind and rain patterns observed in certain parts of the world. Monsoon climate is generally related to those areas which register complete seasonal reversal of wind direction and are associated with tropical deciduous forests. Monsoons are most often associated with the indian ocean.
Understanding climate variability and climate change the purpose of this module is to familiarize participants with climate variability and climate change in bangladesh. Module 1 understanding climate variability and climate change. The change from dry season to rainy season is abrupt, and the rainy season is marked by heavy rainfall. The study is important as 1 ring width of indian teak is considered as a. East asian monsoon world scientific series on asia. The purpose of this module is to familiarize participants with climate variability and climate change in bangladesh. At the end of this module, participants should be able to. Better monsoon precipitation in coupled climate models due. Over oceans, the air temperature remains relatively stable for two reasons. The monsoon climate beyond the equatorial region between 10 and 25 and. They have been described in spain, northern australia, africa except the mediterranean, texas, and the western coasts of the united states and chile. Using the global monsoon definition of wang and ding 2006, fig. Floods in wet season and droughts in dry season are common.
The changes are driven by seasonal shifts in the temperature differences between the ocean and land. Regional monsoon variation in india is reflected in the vast variety of food, clothes and house types. Due to its considerable importance to global climate and implications for the worlds population, there is an urgent need for greater understanding of this system, with the ultimate goal being improved prediction on annual to decadal and longer time scales. A wind system that influences large climatic regions and reverses direction seasonally.
Characteristics of the monsoon climate of india are. We introduce a definition for the global monsoon that incorporates its threedimensional distribution and ultimate causes, emphasizing the direct drive of seasonal pressure system changes on monsoon circulation and depicting the intensity in. Global monsoon dynamics and climate change woods hole. Jan 12, 2016 c24tropical savanna climate tropical wet and dry climate sudan climate vegetation, economy duration. Even in europe the prevailing west to northwest winds of summer have.
Overview traditionally, the terminology monsoon was used for climate that has an apparent seasonal shift of prevailing winds between winter and summer, notably in tropical asia, australia, africa, and the indian ocean. Monsoons monsoon variability is often related to floods, drought, and other hazardous extreme weather and climate events. Pdf on jan 1, 20, song yang and others published monsoons find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. The largest monsoon regions are in south asia and west africa, but monsoons also affect northern australia andjust slightlythe coast of the gulf of mexico in the united states. Over 70% of the annual rainfall in india occurs during the summer monsoon season from june to september parthasarathy et al. As the tropic of cancer passes through the country, a tropical climate prevails. They bring wet summers and dry winters to the regions where they blow. This means the rains are crucial not only for indias farmers, but for its economy as a whole. Using this definition, north america also experiences a monsoon in the southwest u. May to september brings the cooler and drier southeast monsoon, with strong winds and high seas in july and august. C25tropical monsoon climate geography upsc ias climatic. Apr 12, 2014 as the tropic of cancer passes through the country, a tropical climate prevails.
Derived from mauism, the arabic word for season, a monsoon often refers to a rainy season but this only describes the weather a monsoon brings, not what a monsoon is. What is a monsoon and what causes such a dramatic seasonal change in weather. Nov 02, 2010 the tropical monsoon climate experiences abundant rainfall like that of the tropical rain forest climate, but it is concentrated in the highsun season. Geographical position of particular area is also equally important in setting climate of particular region. Monsoon climate article about monsoon climate by the free. Traditionally, the term monsoon refers to the seasonal reversal of prevailing winds that is accompanied by excessive rainfall.
Notes on temperate monsoon climate china type extra. Monsoon winds reverse direction between winter and summer. Tropical monsoon climate this type of climate, most common in southern asia and west africa, results from the monsoon winds which change direction according to the seasons. Monsoons blow for approximately six months from the northeast and six months from the southwest, principally in south asia see indian monsoon and parts of africa see climate climate monsoons. Tropical monsoon climate article about tropical monsoon. Better monsoon precipitation in coupled climate models due to. Tropical monsoon the tropical monsoon climate experiences abundant rainfall like that of the tropical rain forest climate, but it is concentrated in the highsun season. Tropical monsoon climate and vegetation golearngeography. Monsoons cause wet and dry seasons throughout much of the tropics. A monsoon climate is characterized by summers with heavy rainfall and winters with prolonged droughts. A monsoon climate is marked by dry winters and wet summers. Monsoon onset over kerala, india mok, has been considered as the beginning of the indian principal rainy season. In india the term is popularly applied chiefly to the southwest monsoon and, by extension, to the rains which it brings.
Nov 29, 2017 indian monsoon juneseptember and post monsoon octobernovember rainfall show a distinct trend from coast to inland primarily due to moisture availability. Precipitation and wind speed as a function of the radiative flux. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Monsoon climate article about monsoon climate by the. Usually there are three seasons namely summer, winter and rainy season. Usually, the term monsoon is used to refer to the rainy phase of a seasonally changing pattern, although. Tropical monsoon climates have monthly mean temperatures above 18 c 64 f in every month of the year and a dry season. Organization climate prediction center, ncepnwsnoaa. The retreating monsoon the amount and frequency of rain decreases towards the end of the rainy season. A monsoon climate of alternating wet and dry seasons characterizes the weather. A monsoon often brings about thoughts of torrential rains, similar to a hurricane or typhoon. Unlike equatorial wet climate, monsoon climate is characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons associated with seasonal reversal of winds. Being located near the equator, the tropical monsoon climate experiences warm temperatures throughout the year. Cherrapunji, india, affected by the indian summer monsoon, is one of the rainiest places on earth with an annual rainfall average of 34 feet.
Monsoon climate definition of monsoon climate by the free. Monsoon definition is a periodic wind especially in the indian ocean and southern asia. However, a monsoon is actually the wind pattern that causes such rains. Correspondingly, the air humidity in the summer is significantly higher than in the winter. Atypical monsoon climate climate is the weather experienced by a given location, averaged over several decades is warm yearround with very rainy summers and relatively dry winters. The tropical monsoon climate is responsible for the abundance of fruit and vegetables they can grow, which includes varieties of everything we get in the west and at least 50 per cent more.
The asian monsoon climate system plays a significant role in largescale climate variability over much of the globe. A monsoon is actually a seasonal shift in wind direction and pressure distribution that causes a change in precipitation. Indian monsoon juneseptember and post monsoon octobernovember rainfall show a distinct trend from coast to inland primarily due to moisture availability. Chapter 1 understanding monsoon to know its vagaries 1. A wind from the southwest or south that brings heavy. Many people think of a monsoon as a drenching summer rain.
The influence of the monsoon wind is so strong that as a whole, the climate of bangladesh is known as a tropical monsoon climate. Other articles where tropical monsoon climate is discussed. This pattern of concentrated heavy rainfall in summer is a characteristic feature of the tropical monsoon climate. The summer monsoon and the winter monsoon determine the climate for most. Monsoons are also found in other tropicalsubtropical land areas, including australia, africa, south america, and north america. Nov 22, 2019 this knowledge is fundamental to understanding how monsoon precipitation and ssts in climate models can be simultaneously improved for more credible projections of the future changes in monsoon. Monsoon definition, the seasonal wind of the indian ocean and southern asia, blowing from the southwest in summer and from the northeast in winter. Location the monsoon climate beyond the equatorial region between 10 and 25 and north.
The asian monsoon is the most prominent climate phenomena over asia, where it tends to determine the weather and climate over vast areas, to the point that it influences the lives of nearly 66% of the worlds population. The global monsoon systems world climate research programme. Regional variations in monsoon climate help in growing various types of crops. Objective definition of the indian summer monsoon onset. The conventional definition of monsoon was solely based on annual reversal of prevailing surface winds ramage 1971. Jul 16, 2012 the monsoon rains are the main source of water for 55 percent of the countrys arable land. On airsea interaction at the mouth of the gulf of california pdf. However, the response of this synopticscale variation of rainfall amount to annual ring growth of indian teak has not been studied systematically yet. C24tropical savanna climate tropical wet and dry climate sudan climate vegetation, economy duration.
1691 637 1466 1616 1238 573 1468 1326 759 979 776 463 1588 1411 1159 33 99 746 912 107 657 1263 797 657 1166 1025 1355 275 466 401 598